An Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test measures how quickly red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube. This test is a general indicator of inflammation in the body. While it doesn't diagnose a specific condition, an elevated ESR can suggest the presence of infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, or certain types of cancer. It's often used in conjunction with other tests to help diagnose and monitor these conditions.

A Urine Examination Routine (URINE R/E) test is a comprehensive analysis of urine to detect various health conditions. It involves physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations. The test checks for substances like glucose, protein, blood cells, bacteria, and other components that can indicate problems with the kidneys, liver, urinary tract, or overall health. This routine test is essential for diagnosing infections, kidney diseases, diabetes, and other disorders, as well as monitoring overall health.

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates thyroid function. It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which control metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. Abnormal TSH levels can indicate thyroid disorders such as hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). By measuring TSH, healthcare providers can diagnose and monitor thyroid conditions.

A creatinine serum test measures the level of creatinine, a waste product produced by muscle breakdown, in your blood. Creatinine is normally filtered from the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. Elevated creatinine levels can indicate impaired kidney function. This test is essential for assessing kidney health, diagnosing kidney disease, monitoring the progression of kidney conditions, and evaluating the effectiveness of kidney treatments.

Total cholesterol is a blood test that measures the overall amount of cholesterol in your blood. Cholesterol is a waxy substance essential for building cells, but high levels can build up in artery walls, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. This test is part of a lipid profile, which also includes measurements of LDL (bad) cholesterol, HDL (good) cholesterol, and triglycerides. Monitoring total cholesterol levels helps assess heart health and guide preventive measures.

A Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test measures the level of glucose (sugar) in your blood after not eating or drinking anything (except water) for at least 8 hours. This test is crucial for diagnosing prediabetes, diabetes, and monitoring blood sugar control in people with diabetes. Elevated FBS levels can indicate insulin resistance or impaired glucose metabolism, while abnormally low levels might signal other health issues.

SGOT (Aspartate Aminotransferase) or AST is a blood test that measures the level of an enzyme primarily found in the liver. When liver cells are damaged, AST is released into the bloodstream. Elevated AST levels can indicate liver damage or disease, but it can also be raised in conditions affecting other organs like the heart, kidneys, or muscles. Therefore, this test is often used in conjunction with other liver enzymes, such as ALT, to assess liver function.

SGPT (Alanine Aminotransferase) or ALT is a blood test that measures the level of an enzyme primarily found in the liver. When liver cells are damaged, ALT is released into the bloodstream. Elevated ALT levels can indicate liver damage or disease, but it can also be raised in conditions affecting other organs. This test is commonly used along with other liver enzymes, like AST, to assess liver health and diagnose liver problems.

Kidney Function Tests (KFTs) evaluate how well your kidneys are filtering waste products from your blood. These tests typically include measurements of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes. By assessing these values, healthcare providers can identify potential kidney problems, monitor kidney disease progression, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. KFTs are crucial for individuals with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease.

Urea, a waste product produced by the liver when protein is broken down, is measured in a serum urea test. This test evaluates kidney function as the kidneys are responsible for filtering urea from the blood. Elevated urea levels can indicate impaired kidney function, dehydration, or other conditions. It's often used in conjunction with creatinine to assess kidney health and diagnose kidney diseases.

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a comprehensive blood test that provides information about the cells in your blood. It measures the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, as well as hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen) and hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in your blood). A CBC is used to diagnose and monitor a wide range of conditions, including anemia, infections, bleeding disorders, and blood cancers.