Electrolytes, Serum is a blood test that measures the levels of essential minerals like sodium, potassium, and chloride in your blood. These minerals carry an electric charge and help maintain fluid balance, nerve function, muscle contraction, and blood pressure. Imbalances in electrolytes can indicate various health conditions, including dehydration, kidney disease, heart problems, and hormonal disorders. This test helps assess overall health, monitor treatment effectiveness, and identify potential complications.

An Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test measures how quickly red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube. This test is a general indicator of inflammation in the body. While it doesn't diagnose a specific condition, an elevated ESR can suggest the presence of infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, or certain types of cancer. It's often used in conjunction with other tests to help diagnose and monitor these conditions.

A Urine Examination Routine (URINE R/E) test is a comprehensive analysis of urine to detect various health conditions. It involves physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations. The test checks for substances like glucose, protein, blood cells, bacteria, and other components that can indicate problems with the kidneys, liver, urinary tract, or overall health. This routine test is essential for diagnosing infections, kidney diseases, diabetes, and other disorders, as well as monitoring overall health.

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates thyroid function. It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which control metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. Abnormal TSH levels can indicate thyroid disorders such as hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). By measuring TSH, healthcare providers can diagnose and monitor thyroid conditions.

HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin) is a blood test that provides a snapshot of your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. It measures the percentage of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, that has glucose attached to it. This test is crucial for managing diabetes as it helps assess how well blood sugar levels are controlled. A high HbA1c indicates poor blood sugar control and an increased risk of diabetes complications, while a lower HbA1c reflects better blood sugar management.

A Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test measures the level of glucose (sugar) in your blood after not eating or drinking anything (except water) for at least 8 hours. This test is crucial for diagnosing prediabetes, diabetes, and monitoring blood sugar control in people with diabetes. Elevated FBS levels can indicate insulin resistance or impaired glucose metabolism, while abnormally low levels might signal other health issues.

Urine Microalbumin/Creatinine Ratio is a test that measures the amount of albumin, a type of protein, in a urine sample compared to the creatinine level. It's used to detect early signs of kidney damage, especially in people with diabetes or high blood pressure. Albumin normally shouldn't be present in urine, and even small amounts can indicate kidney problems. This test is more sensitive than traditional urine tests and can help prevent the progression of kidney disease.

Liver function tests are a group of blood tests that evaluate the health and function of your liver. They measure levels of various enzymes, proteins, and substances produced by the liver. Abnormal results can indicate liver damage, inflammation, or disease. Common liver function tests include ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and albumin. These tests help diagnose conditions like hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease, as well as monitor liver health in people with chronic conditions.

A Lipid Profile is a blood test that measures the levels of different types of fats (lipids) in your blood. It includes total cholesterol, LDL (bad) cholesterol, HDL (good) cholesterol, and triglycerides. This test helps assess your risk of heart disease and stroke. By understanding your lipid profile, you can work with your healthcare provider to manage cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication if necessary.

Kidney Function Tests (KFTs) evaluate how well your kidneys are filtering waste products from your blood. These tests typically include measurements of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes. By assessing these values, healthcare providers can identify potential kidney problems, monitor kidney disease progression, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. KFTs are crucial for individuals with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease.

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a comprehensive blood test that provides information about the cells in your blood. It measures the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, as well as hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen) and hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in your blood). A CBC is used to diagnose and monitor a wide range of conditions, including anemia, infections, bleeding disorders, and blood cancers.