A Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in your blood. Urea nitrogen is a waste product produced by the liver when the body breaks down protein. The kidneys normally filter urea nitrogen out of the blood and into the urine. An elevated BUN level may indicate impaired kidney function, while a low level might suggest liver disease or malnutrition. This test is often used in conjunction with creatinine to assess kidney health.

A bilirubin test measures the amount of bilirubin, a yellow-orange pigment, in the blood. Bilirubin is produced when red blood cells break down. The test includes total bilirubin, which measures both direct and indirect bilirubin. Direct bilirubin is processed by the liver, while indirect bilirubin is unprocessed. This test helps evaluate liver function, diagnose liver diseases like hepatitis or cirrhosis, and identify conditions causing jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes.

A triglycerides, serum test measures the level of triglycerides, a type of fat, in your blood.Triglycerides are essential for energy storage, but high levels can increase your risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health problems.This test is typically part of a lipid profile, which also includes cholesterol measurements.By assessing triglyceride levels, healthcare providers can evaluate heart health, monitor treatment effectiveness, and recommend lifestyle changes or medications to manage risk factors.

THE GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE (GGT) TEST MEASURES THE LEVEL OF GGT, AN ENZYME PRIMARILY FOUND IN THE LIVER, IN YOUR BLOOD. ELEVATED GGT LEVELS OFTEN INDICATE LIVER DAMAGE OR BILE DUCT PROBLEMS. ITS PARTICULARLY HELPFUL IN DIFFERENTIATING LIVER-RELATED ISSUES FROM BONE DISORDERS, AS GGT IS LESS AFFECTED BY BONE CONDITIONS. ADDITIONALLY, GGT IS A SENSITIVE MARKER FOR ALCOHOL ABUSE, AS CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES ITS LEVELS. THEREFORE, THIS TEST IS COMMONLY USED TO SCREEN FOR AND MONITOR LIVER DISEASE, BILE DUCT OBSTRUCTIONS, AND ALCOHOL-RELATED LIVER DAMAGE.

The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Rapid test is a quick method to detect the presence of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in your blood. A positive result indicates an active HBV infection. This test is essential for diagnosing acute or chronic hepatitis B, as well as identifying individuals who can transmit the virus to others. While rapid tests provide quick results, they might not be as sensitive as laboratory-based tests, so a confirmatory test is often recommended for positive results.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, bones, intestines, and placenta.nn It is involved in a number of biological processes, such as bone metabolism, bile acid synthesis, and intestinal absorption. n

SERUM ALBUMIN IS A PROTEIN PRODUCED BY THE LIVER THAT PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN MAINTAINING FLUID BALANCE IN THE BODY. IT HELPS TO RETAIN FLUID IN THE BLOOD VESSELS, PREVENTING IT FROM LEAKING INTO SURROUNDING TISSUES. LOW LEVELS OF SERUM ALBUMIN, A CONDITION KNOWN AS HYPOALBUMINEMIA, CAN BE INDICATIVE OF VARIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS, INCLUDING LIVER DISEASE, KIDNEY DISEASE, MALNUTRITION, AND CERTAIN INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. MEASURING SERUM ALBUMIN LEVELS CAN BE HELPFUL IN DIAGNOSING AND MONITORING THESE CONDITIONS.

A creatinine serum test measures the level of creatinine, a waste product produced by muscle breakdown, in your blood.Creatinine is normally filtered from the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine.Elevated creatinine levels can indicate impaired kidney function.This test is essential for assessing kidney health, diagnosing kidney disease, monitoring the progression of kidney conditions, and evaluating the effectiveness of kidney treatments.

TOTAL CHOLESTEROL IS A BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES THE OVERALL AMOUNT OF CHOLESTEROL IN YOUR BLOOD. CHOLESTEROL IS A WAXY SUBSTANCE ESSENTIAL FOR BUILDING CELLS, BUT HIGH LEVELS CAN BUILD UP IN ARTERY WALLS, INCREASING THE RISK OF HEART DISEASE AND STROKE. THIS TEST IS PART OF A LIPID PROFILE, WHICH ALSO INCLUDES MEASUREMENTS OF LDL (BAD) CHOLESTEROL, HDL (GOOD) CHOLESTEROL, AND TRIGLYCERIDES. MONITORING TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS HELPS ASSESS HEART HEALTH AND GUIDE PREVENTIVE MEASURES.

A Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test measures the level of glucose (sugar) in your blood after not eating or drinking anything ( except water ) for at least 8 hours.This test is crucial for diagnosing prediabetes, diabetes, and monitoring blood sugar control in people with diabetes.Elevated FBS levels can indicate insulin resistance or impaired glucose metabolism, while abnormally low levels might signal other health issues.

HDL cholesterol, or high - density lipoprotein cholesterol, is often referred to as good cholesterol.It helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream and is associated with a lower risk of heart disease.The HDL cholesterol direct test measures the amount of HDL cholesterol in your blood and is used to assess your risk of developing heart disease.

SGOT (ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE) OR AST IS A BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES THE LEVEL OF AN ENZYME PRIMARILY FOUND IN THE LIVER. WHEN LIVER CELLS ARE DAMAGED, AST IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM. ELEVATED AST LEVELS CAN INDICATE LIVER DAMAGE OR DISEASE, BUT IT CAN ALSO BE RAISED IN CONDITIONS AFFECTING OTHER ORGANS LIKE THE HEART, KIDNEYS, OR MUSCLES. THEREFORE, THIS TEST IS OFTEN USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER LIVER ENZYMES, SUCH AS ALT, TO ASSESS LIVER FUNCTION.

SGPT (ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE) OR ALT IS A BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES THE LEVEL OF AN ENZYME PRIMARILY FOUND IN THE LIVER. WHEN LIVER CELLS ARE DAMAGED, ALT IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM. ELEVATED ALT LEVELS CAN INDICATE LIVER DAMAGE OR DISEASE, BUT IT CAN ALSO BE RAISED IN CONDITIONS AFFECTING OTHER ORGANS. THIS TEST IS COMMONLY USED ALONG WITH OTHER LIVER ENZYMES, LIKE AST, TO ASSESS LIVER HEALTH AND DIAGNOSE LIVER PROBLEMS.

UREA, A WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED BY THE LIVER WHEN PROTEIN IS BROKEN DOWN, IS MEASURED IN A SERUM UREA TEST. THIS TEST EVALUATES KIDNEY FUNCTION AS THE KIDNEYS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR FILTERING UREA FROM THE BLOOD. ELEVATED UREA LEVELS CAN INDICATE IMPAIRED KIDNEY FUNCTION, DEHYDRATION, OR OTHER CONDITIONS. ITS OFTEN USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CREATININE TO ASSESS KIDNEY HEALTH AND DIAGNOSE KIDNEY DISEASES.

THIS TEST USES AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) TO SCREEN FOR ANTIBODIES TO HIV-1 AND HIV-2. THE PRESENCE OF THESE ANTIBODIES INDICATES A PAST OR PRESENT INFECTION WITH HIV. A POSITIVE RESULT REQUIRES CONFIRMATION WITH A MORE SPECIFIC TEST, AS THIS IS A SCREENING METHOD.