An Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test measures how quickly red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube. This test is a general indicator of inflammation in the body. While it does not diagnose a specific condition, an elevated ESR can suggest the presence of infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, or certain types of cancer.Its often used in conjunction with other tests to help diagnose and monitor these conditions.

MALARIA PARASITE / BLOOD PARASITE IDENTIFICATION BY SMEAR TEST INVOLVES EXAMINING A BLOOD SAMPLE UNDER A MICROSCOPE TO DETECT AND IDENTIFY MALARIA PARASITES. A SMALL AMOUNT OF BLOOD IS SPREAD THINLY ON A SLIDE, STAINED, AND THEN EXAMINED FOR THE PRESENCE OF THESE PARASITES WITHIN RED BLOOD CELLS. THIS METHOD ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENT MALARIA PARASITE SPECIES, WHICH IS CRUCIAL FOR DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATE TREATMENT. WHILE EFFECTIVE, IT REQUIRES SKILLED TECHNICIANS AND CAN BE TIME-CONSUMING, ESPECIALLY IF PARASITE LEVELS ARE LOW.

THE WIDAL SLIDE AGGLUTINATION TEST IS A RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST USED TO DETECT ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE SALMONELLA BACTERIA, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF TYPHOID AND PARATYPHOID FEVER. IT INVOLVES MIXING A PATIENTS BLOOD SERUM WITH SALMONELLA ANTIGENS ON A SLIDE. IF ANTIBODIES ARE PRESENT, THEY BIND TO THE ANTIGENS, CAUSING VISIBLE CLUMPING OR AGGLUTINATION. WHILE IT CAN PROVIDE A QUICK INDICATION OF A POSSIBLE TYPHOID INFECTION, THE WIDAL TEST HAS LIMITATIONS IN TERMS OF SPECIFICITY AND SENSITIVITY, AND ITS RESULTS SHOULD BE INTERPRETED CAREFULLY IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TESTS.

SGOT (ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE) OR AST IS A BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES THE LEVEL OF AN ENZYME PRIMARILY FOUND IN THE LIVER. WHEN LIVER CELLS ARE DAMAGED, AST IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM. ELEVATED AST LEVELS CAN INDICATE LIVER DAMAGE OR DISEASE, BUT IT CAN ALSO BE RAISED IN CONDITIONS AFFECTING OTHER ORGANS LIKE THE HEART, KIDNEYS, OR MUSCLES. THEREFORE, THIS TEST IS OFTEN USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER LIVER ENZYMES, SUCH AS ALT, TO ASSESS LIVER FUNCTION.

SGPT (ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE) OR ALT IS A BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES THE LEVEL OF AN ENZYME PRIMARILY FOUND IN THE LIVER. WHEN LIVER CELLS ARE DAMAGED, ALT IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM. ELEVATED ALT LEVELS CAN INDICATE LIVER DAMAGE OR DISEASE, BUT IT CAN ALSO BE RAISED IN CONDITIONS AFFECTING OTHER ORGANS. THIS TEST IS COMMONLY USED ALONG WITH OTHER LIVER ENZYMES, LIKE AST, TO ASSESS LIVER HEALTH AND DIAGNOSE LIVER PROBLEMS.

A COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC) IS A COMPREHENSIVE BLOOD TEST THAT PROVIDES INFORMATION ABOUT THE CELLS IN YOUR BLOOD. IT MEASURES THE NUMBER OF RED BLOOD CELLS, WHITE BLOOD CELLS, AND PLATELETS, AS WELL AS HEMOGLOBIN (THE PROTEIN THAT CARRIES OXYGEN) AND HEMATOCRIT (THE PERCENTAGE OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN YOUR BLOOD). A CBC IS USED TO DIAGNOSE AND MONITOR A WIDE RANGE OF CONDITIONS, INCLUDING ANEMIA, INFECTIONS, BLEEDING DISORDERS, AND BLOOD CANCERS.

A CHIKUNGUNYA IGM RAPID TEST IS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL USED TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF IGM ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS IN A BLOOD SAMPLE. IGM ANTIBODIES TYPICALLY APPEAR IN THE BLOOD WITHIN A FEW DAYS OF INFECTION AND INDICATE AN ACUTE OR RECENT INFECTION. THIS RAPID TEST PROVIDES QUICK RESULTS AND IS OFTEN USED AS A FIRST-LINE SCREENING TEST FOR SUSPECTED CHIKUNGUNYA CASES, ESPECIALLY IN AREAS WHERE THE DISEASE IS PREVALENT.