A Urine Examination Routine (URINE R / E) test is a comprehensive analysis of urine to detect various health conditions.It involves physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations.The test checks for substances like glucose, protein, blood cells, bacteria, and other components that can indicate problems with the kidneys, liver, urinary tract, or overall health.This routine test is essential for diagnosing infections, kidney diseases, diabetes, and other disorders, as well as monitoring overall health.

C - Reactive Protein (CRP) is a blood test that measures the level of CRP, a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation.Its a nonspecific marker of inflammation, meaning it can be elevated in various conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and heart disease. While CRP does not diagnose a specific condition, it can help monitor disease activity, assess the risk of heart attack or stroke, and guide treatment decisions.

An amylase serum test measures the level of amylase, an enzyme produced by the pancreas and salivary glands, in your blood. Amylase helps break down carbohydrates during digestion. Elevated amylase levels often indicate problems with the pancreas, such as pancreatitis, while low levels are less common but can signal other underlying conditions. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor pancreatic disorders.

SERUM MAGNESIUM IS A BLOOD TEST USED TO MEASURE THE AMOUNT OF MAGNESIUM IN YOUR BLOODSTREAM. MAGNESIUM IS AN ESSENTIAL MINERAL INVOLVED IN OVER 300 BODILY FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING MUSCLE AND NERVE FUNCTION, BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION, AND ENERGY PRODUCTION. ABNORMAL MAGNESIUM LEVELS CAN LEAD TO VARIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS, SUCH AS MUSCLE CRAMPS, HEART ARRHYTHMIAS, AND SEIZURES. A SERUM MAGNESIUM TEST IS OFTEN ORDERED TO DIAGNOSE OR MONITOR CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT MAGNESIUM LEVELS, SUCH AS KIDNEY DISEASE, MALNUTRITION, OR CERTAIN MEDICATIONS.

HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin) is a blood test that provides a snapshot of your average blood sugar levels over the past 2 - 3 months.It measures the percentage of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, that has glucose attached to it.This test is crucial for managing diabetes as it helps assess how well blood sugar levels are controlled.A high HbA1c indicates poor blood sugar control and an increased risk of diabetes complications, while a lower HbA1c reflects better blood sugar management.

A Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test measures the level of glucose (sugar) in your blood after not eating or drinking anything ( except water ) for at least 8 hours.This test is crucial for diagnosing prediabetes, diabetes, and monitoring blood sugar control in people with diabetes.Elevated FBS levels can indicate insulin resistance or impaired glucose metabolism, while abnormally low levels might signal other health issues.

URINE MICROALBUMIN/CREATININE RATIO IS A TEST THAT MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF ALBUMIN, A TYPE OF PROTEIN, IN A URINE SAMPLE COMPARED TO THE CREATININE LEVEL. ITS USED TO DETECT EARLY SIGNS OF KIDNEY DAMAGE, ESPECIALLY IN PEOPLE WITH DIABETES OR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. ALBUMIN NORMALLY SHOULD NOT BE PRESENT IN URINE, AND EVEN SMALL AMOUNTS CAN INDICATE KIDNEY PROBLEMS. THIS TEST IS MORE SENSITIVE THAN TRADITIONAL URINE TESTS AND CAN HELP PREVENT THE PROGRESSION OF KIDNEY DISEASE.

LIVER FUNCTION TESTS ARE A GROUP OF BLOOD TESTS THAT EVALUATE THE HEALTH AND FUNCTION OF YOUR LIVER. THEY MEASURE LEVELS OF VARIOUS ENZYMES, PROTEINS, AND SUBSTANCES PRODUCED BY THE LIVER. ABNORMAL RESULTS CAN INDICATE LIVER DAMAGE, INFLAMMATION, OR DISEASE. COMMON LIVER FUNCTION TESTS INCLUDE ALT, AST, ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE, BILIRUBIN, AND ALBUMIN. THESE TESTS HELP DIAGNOSE CONDITIONS LIKE HEPATITIS, CIRRHOSIS, AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE, AS WELL AS MONITOR LIVER HEALTH IN PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC CONDITIONS.

An Immunoglobulin E (IgE) serum test measures the level of IgE antibodies in your blood. IgE is an antibody primarily involved in allergic reactions. Elevated IgE levels can indicate allergies, such as hay fever, asthma, or food allergies. However, Its important to note that high IgE levels can also be associated with parasitic infections and certain immune system disorders.This test helps diagnose and manage allergic conditions, as well as investigate other potential underlying health issues.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a blood test that measures a specific type of protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation. While standard CRP tests detect significant inflammation, hs-CRP is more sensitive, identifying even subtle increases. This makes it a valuable tool for assessing cardiovascular risk, as elevated hs-CRP levels have been linked to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke, even in individuals with normal cholesterol levels. However, Its important to note that hs - CRP alone cannot diagnose a specific condition and should be interpreted in conjunction with other risk factors and medical evaluations.

A Lipid Profile is a blood test that measures the levels of different types of fats (lipids) in your blood.It includes total cholesterol, LDL (bad) cholesterol, HDL (good) cholesterol, and triglycerides.This test helps assess your risk of heart disease and stroke.By understanding your lipid profile, you can work with your healthcare provider to manage cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication if necessary.

APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 IS THE PRIMARY PROTEIN ASSOCIATED WITH HDL CHOLESTEROL. INCREASED CONCENTRATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. APOLIPOPROTEIN B IS THE PRIMARY PROTEIN ASSOCIATED WITH LDL CHOLESTEROL AND INCREASED LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. THE RATIO OF THESE TWO CORRELATES WITH THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

Kidney Function Tests (KFTs) evaluate how well your kidneys are filtering waste products from your blood. These tests typically include measurements of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes. By assessing these values, healthcare providers can identify potential kidney problems, monitor kidney disease progression, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. KFTs are crucial for individuals with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease.

IRON STUDIES WITHOUT FERRITIN TYPICALLY INCLUDE MEASUREMENTS OF SERUM IRON, TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY (TIBC), AND TRANSFERRIN SATURATION. THESE TESTS PROVIDE VALUABLE INFORMATION ABOUT THE BODYS IRON STORES AND HOW EFFICIENTLY IRON IS TRANSPORTED. WHILE FERRITIN IS A MORE SENSITIVE INDICATOR OF IRON STORAGE, THESE TESTS CAN STILL HELP DIAGNOSE IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA OR IRON OVERLOAD IN CERTAIN CASES. HOWEVER, A COMPLETE PICTURE OF IRON STATUS OFTEN REQUIRES ADDITIONAL TESTING, INCLUDING FERRITIN LEVELS.

A VITAMIN B12 TEST MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF VITAMIN B12 IN YOUR BLOOD. VITAMIN B12 IS ESSENTIAL FOR RED BLOOD CELL FORMATION, NERVE FUNCTION, AND DNA SYNTHESIS. THIS TEST HELPS DIAGNOSE VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY, WHICH CAN CAUSE ANEMIA, FATIGUE, WEAKNESS, AND NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS. ITS OFTEN RECOMMENDED FOR PEOPLE WITH CERTAIN MEDICAL CONDITIONS, OLDER ADULTS, VEGANS, AND VEGETARIANS WHO MAY BE AT HIGHER RISK FOR DEFICIENCY.

A VITAMIN D TOTAL 25-HYDROXY TEST MEASURES THE LEVEL OF 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D IN YOUR BLOOD. THIS IS THE PRIMARY FORM OF VITAMIN D CIRCULATING IN THE BODY AND REFLECTS YOUR OVERALL VITAMIN D STATUS. VITAMIN D IS ESSENTIAL FOR CALCIUM ABSORPTION, BONE HEALTH, AND IMMUNE FUNCTION. THIS TEST HELPS DETERMINE IF YOU HAVE A VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY, WHICH CAN LEAD TO BONE DISEASES LIKE OSTEOPOROSIS AND RICKETS, AS WELL AS OTHER HEALTH ISSUES.

THIS TEST MEASURES THE LEVEL OF LIPASE, AN ENZYME PRODUCED BY THE PANCREAS, IN THE BLOOD. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: ELEVATED LIPASE LEVELS ARE A KEY INDICATOR OF PANCREATITIS (INFLAMMATION OF THE PANCREAS), AS THE DAMAGED PANCREAS RELEASES HIGH AMOUNTS OF THE ENZYME INTO THE BLOODSTREAM.