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Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin where the iron in the heme group is in the ferric (Fe3+) state, unable to bind and transport oxygen. This prevents oxygen from reaching tissues, causing a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Elevated levels of methemoglobin can be congenital (due to genetic defects) or acquired (from exposure to certain drugs or chemicals). Treatment typically involves administering methylene blue, which reduces methemoglobin back to its functional form.
