A Urine Examination Routine (URINE R / E) test is a comprehensive analysis of urine to detect various health conditions.It involves physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations.The test checks for substances like glucose, protein, blood cells, bacteria, and other components that can indicate problems with the kidneys, liver, urinary tract, or overall health.This routine test is essential for diagnosing infections, kidney diseases, diabetes, and other disorders, as well as monitoring overall health.

UPCR IS A NON-INVASIVE TEST USED TO ESTIMATE THE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN BEING LOST IN THE URINE. IT IS OFTEN USED TO SCREEN FOR AND MONITOR KIDNEY DISEASE. BY MEASURING THE RATIO OF PROTEIN TO CREATININE IN A URINE SAMPLE, UPCR CAN HELP DETECT EARLY SIGNS OF KIDNEY DAMAGE. A HIGH UPCR MAY INDICATE THAT MORE PROTEIN IS BEING LOST IN THE URINE THAN NORMAL, SUGGESTING POTENTIAL KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION. HOWEVER, IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT OTHER FACTORS, SUCH AS DEHYDRATION OR INTENSE EXERCISE, CAN TEMPORARILY ELEVATE UPCR LEVELS. REGULAR MONITORING OF UPCR CAN BE VALUABLE IN MANAGING KIDNEY HEALTH AND DETECTING ANY UNDERLYING ISSUES.

THE PTT, OR APTT, IS A LABORATORY TEST USED TO MEASURE HOW LONG IT TAKES BLOOD TO CLOT. IT IS PRIMARILY USED TO EVALUATE THE INTRINSIC PATHWAY OF BLOOD COAGULATION, WHICH INVOLVES SEVERAL CLOTTING FACTORS. AN ABNORMAL PTT RESULT CAN INDICATE A DEFICIENCY OR DYSFUNCTION OF ONE OR MORE OF THESE CLOTTING FACTORS, LEADING TO BLEEDING OR CLOTTING DISORDERS. THE PTT TEST IS COMMONLY USED TO MONITOR ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY, SUCH AS HEPARIN OR LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN, WHICH WORK BY PROLONGING THE CLOTTING TIME.

THIS TEST MEASURES THE LEVEL OF IGM ANTIBODIES IN YOUR BLOOD THAT TARGET PHOSPHOLIPIDS, A TYPE OF FAT MOLECULE. THESE ANTIBODIES CAN INTERFERE WITH BLOOD CLOTTING, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO COMPLICATIONS LIKE BLOOD CLOTS, MISCARRIAGES, OR STROKES. HIGH LEVELS OF IGM PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES MAY INDICATE AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER CALLED ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME (APS).

TESTING FOR PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES IS INDICATED IN CASES OF UNEXPLAINED ARTERIAL / VENOUS THROMBOSIS, PREGNANCY WITH UNEXPLAINED FETAL DEATHS, SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS, PRESENCE OF UNEXPLAINED CUTANEOUS CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCE LIKE LIVIDO RETICULARIS AND PRESENCE OF SYSTEMIC RHEUMATIC DISEASE LIKE LE. THIS TEST IS ALSO USED IN CASES OF UNEXPLAINED THROMBOCYTOPENIA, HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA & NON-BACTERIAL THROMBOTIC ENDOCARDITIS.

SGOT (ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE) OR AST IS A BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES THE LEVEL OF AN ENZYME PRIMARILY FOUND IN THE LIVER. WHEN LIVER CELLS ARE DAMAGED, AST IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM. ELEVATED AST LEVELS CAN INDICATE LIVER DAMAGE OR DISEASE, BUT IT CAN ALSO BE RAISED IN CONDITIONS AFFECTING OTHER ORGANS LIKE THE HEART, KIDNEYS, OR MUSCLES. THEREFORE, THIS TEST IS OFTEN USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER LIVER ENZYMES, SUCH AS ALT, TO ASSESS LIVER FUNCTION.

SGPT (ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE) OR ALT IS A BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES THE LEVEL OF AN ENZYME PRIMARILY FOUND IN THE LIVER. WHEN LIVER CELLS ARE DAMAGED, ALT IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM. ELEVATED ALT LEVELS CAN INDICATE LIVER DAMAGE OR DISEASE, BUT IT CAN ALSO BE RAISED IN CONDITIONS AFFECTING OTHER ORGANS. THIS TEST IS COMMONLY USED ALONG WITH OTHER LIVER ENZYMES, LIKE AST, TO ASSESS LIVER HEALTH AND DIAGNOSE LIVER PROBLEMS.

Kidney Function Tests (KFTs) evaluate how well your kidneys are filtering waste products from your blood. These tests typically include measurements of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes. By assessing these values, healthcare providers can identify potential kidney problems, monitor kidney disease progression, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. KFTs are crucial for individuals with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease.

A COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC) IS A COMPREHENSIVE BLOOD TEST THAT PROVIDES INFORMATION ABOUT THE CELLS IN YOUR BLOOD. IT MEASURES THE NUMBER OF RED BLOOD CELLS, WHITE BLOOD CELLS, AND PLATELETS, AS WELL AS HEMOGLOBIN (THE PROTEIN THAT CARRIES OXYGEN) AND HEMATOCRIT (THE PERCENTAGE OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN YOUR BLOOD). A CBC IS USED TO DIAGNOSE AND MONITOR A WIDE RANGE OF CONDITIONS, INCLUDING ANEMIA, INFECTIONS, BLEEDING DISORDERS, AND BLOOD CANCERS.